Causes of Scoliosis

Scoliosis can act as an independent disease, as well as a symptom of other known disease. Intricate combination of causes and effects of symptoms of scoliosis causes significant difficulties in its treatment.

Myopathic scoliosis is caused by lack of muscle and ligaments. The appearance of rachitic scoliosis caused by failure of neuromuscular and skeletal tissue. Rachitic scoliosis is found in children 2 - 3 years. In older children who have had infectious disease characterized by weakness and musculo-ligamentous apparatus of the so-called developing habitual or school scoliosis. Contribute to disease development (not being the cause) of long-term non-uniform load on the spine: sitting at an uncomfortable desk, wearing a portfolio in one hand, etc.

Scoliosis of neurogenic origin arise from polio, neurofibromatosis, syringomyelia, spastic paralysis, sciatica, lyumboishialgii and strain, leading to compression of the roots of spinal nerves.Neurogenic scoliosis are also accompanied by precipitation of the functions of individual groups of muscles and neuro-trophic changes in the spine and ligaments.

Congenital scoliosis caused by dysplastic (dysplasia - abnormal development) changes in the vertebrae and ribs. There are anomalies of the vertebral bodies (wedges, etc), handles and processes, variations in the number of vertebral anomalies are of mixed character. Congenital anomalies are detected in the first year of life, the disease usually progresses slowly. For severe dysplastic scoliosis is scoliosis of the lumbosacral caused by dysplasia, and I V lumbar sacral vertebrae, the scoliosis is found in children aged 8 - 10 years.

The most numerous group consists of idiopathic scoliosis , ie scoliosis of unknown nature. They all have similar clinical and radiological signs. The clinical picture of spinal deformity is expressed in its gradual distortion in the front (side) and sagittal (anteroposterior) planes, and torso (twist). When scoliosis first degree is determined by the weakness of the muscles of the back, shoulder girdle asymmetry, the location of the angles of the blades, lateral curvature of the spine (predominantly in the right thoracic and left - in the lumbar), the presence of the muscular ridge in the lumbar spine occurs as a result of its rotation. When scoliosis second and third degree angles of the blades are asymmetrical, there is a pronounced rib hump, shoulder girdle asymmetry is detected, and their plane does not coincide with the plane of the pelvis; protivoiskrivlenie appears in the lumbar spine and torso a deviation from the vertical axis. When scoliosis fourth degree increase in body length of stops, all of the body is shifted to the main arc of curvature of the spine, thorax strongly deformed, which leads to a shift in the internal organs, especially in severe cases, compression of the spinal cord, growing signs of paresis or even paralysis of the lower extremities.

There are many theories of origin of idiopathic scoliosis, but none of them does not give a full explanation. Anyway, most theories converge on the fact that idiopathic scoliosis is caused by musculo-ligamentous, neuromuscular impairment, or developmental disorders of bone. Some researchers (Farkas, 1954; Kazmin, 1974) believe that the abnormal return of the connective tissue leads to epiphysiolysis (sprout damage epiphyseal cartilage, which is localized in the Rostov area of ​​the bone), which in turn causes displacement of the spinal nucleus pulposus disk, prejudice the development of deformation. We see that the causes of idiopathic scoliosis is likely to lie fairly deep, at the level of tissues and metabolic processes, which explains the lack of effective methods of treatment. In the origin and development of idiopathic scoliosis is important genetic factor. Modern research has noted the high incidence of scoliosis risk in families where there are already sick, not only for the first, but for the second and third degree relatives. For example, if first-degree relatives of the incidence of scoliosis than the average for the population at 10-20.

Classification of scoliosis

Classification of scoliosis is produced in many ways, primarily by the degree of curvature. 
To measure the angle of curvature of the spine on x-rays from two horizontal lines: one for the first vertebra, which begins with a curvature, the other - at last, where the curvature of the ends. Then spend two perpendiculars to these lines and measure the angle between the perpendiculars. This is a curvature in degrees greater than the angle, the greater curvature.

As the degree of deformation scoliosis is divided into 4 groups (by J. Cobb, 1958)

a degree of scoliosis	angle of curvature of 10 degrees, the x-ray noticeably slight twisting (torsion)
2 degrees of scoliosis	angle of curvature of 10 degrees to 25 degrees, a significant torsional deformation is evident on radiographs of the vertebral bodies at the apex of curvature, a clinically defined muscle spindle
3 degrees of scoliosis	angle of curvature of 25 to 40 degrees, chest deformity, the presence of rib hump at the top of the curvature and the surrounding areas are wedge-shaped vertebrae
4 degrees of scoliosis	angle of curvature greater than 40 degrees, severe chest deformity, scoliosis kifo-thoracic, anterior and posterior rib hump deformity of the pelvis, severe deformity of the vertebral bodies and vertebral joints, calcification of ligaments

In our country, applied clinical and radiological classification of V.D.Chaklina (1973), which is also 4 strain, but other angles of scoliosis.

a degree of scoliosis	angle to 10 degrees of scoliosis, a slight curvature of the spine in the frontal plane, vanishing in the supine position, shoulder blades and upper arm asymmetry in the thoracic and lumbar scoliosis at the waist, the asymmetry of the muscles in the curvature of the arc
2 degrees of scoliosis	angle of 11 to 30 degrees, the curvature does not vanish completely in the supine position, a small arc and a small compensatory rib hump
3 degrees of scoliosis	angle from 31 to 60 degrees, the presence of compensatory arc, chest deformity, a large rib hump, the deviation in the direction of the main body of the arc of curvature
4 degrees of scoliosis	angle of 60 degrees, heavy fixed-kifo scoliosis, a significant deformation of the skeleton, the disruption of the heart and lungs

In the form of curving scoliosis is: C-shaped (with a single arc of curvature), S-shaped (with two arcs) and sigma-shaped (three arches).

Vertebrae in anatomy and medicine mean reductions in the form of letters (the name of the spine) and the numbers that determine the number of vertebrae in the department. As we shall also use these conventional notations: cervical spine (vertebrae cervicales) - C1 to C7, thoracic (v. thoracicae) - from Th1 to Th12, lumbar (v. lumbales) - L1 to L5, sacral (v. sacrales ) - from S1 to S5.

For localization of curvature scoliosis distinguish the following:

cervico-thoracic scoliosis	curvature at the top of Th3 - Th4
thoracic scoliosis	Th8 - Th9
thoracolumbar scoliosis	Th11 - Th12
lumbar scoliosis	L1 - L2
lumbosacral scoliosis	L5 - S1

By the time of manifestation of scoliosis is divided into the following types:
infantile (scoliosis infantilis) - diagnosed in children under 3 years old child , or juvenile (juvenilis) - from 3 to 10 years, youth , or adolescence (adolescentis) - 10 years before the end of skeletal growth, adult scoliosis diagnosed after bone growth (from 18-24 years of age and older).

A classification based on the origin of scoliosis and the proposed Dzh.Kobbom (1958).
1) myopathic and rachitic scoliosis caused by failure of ligaments, the neuro-muscular and bone
2) scoliosis of neurogenic origin, and scoliosis caused by degeneration of the intervertebral disc with subsequent radicular syndromes
3) scoliosis due to congenital anomalies of the vertebrae and ribs
4) scoliosis caused by diseases of the chest
5), idiopathic scoliosis , whose origin is not clear (it is the most extensive group)

Disorders of posture

Posture is an indicator of human health and physical development. Good posture - is prevention of osteochondrosis and various back pain.

With proper posture keeps people straight body and head, shoulders slightly lowered and laid back, and chest - go ahead, belly tucked up at the same time.

Spine - the basis of the human skeleton and its impact on the state of posture. The body is supported in an upright position back muscles, neck and torso. The harmonious development of the muscles of the body - a prerequisite for the formation of a beautiful posture.

Physiological curvature of the spine

When a child begins to hold her head up, bend formed bulge forward - cervical lordosis. With increasing load on the spine (when the child begins to walk), there is unspoken curvature of the spine in the thoracic back - thoracic kyphosis, as well as the bending of the lumbar bulge forward - lumbar lordosis.

Thus, when viewed from the side of the spine, marked cervical and lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis and sacral. When viewed from the back of the spine should be straight. In the normal posture bends the spine expressed uniformly.

Types of violations of posture

Abnormal posture is formed due to changes in the state of the muscles and ligaments. It should be noted that incorrect posture is usually not accompanied by changes in the spine.

There are incorrect posture in the frontal plane (parallel to the front of the body surface), sagittal (anteroposterior), and both planes simultaneously.

Scoliotic posture

This curvature of the spine in the frontal plane. For this type of bearing defect characteristic of symmetry breaking between the two halves of the body. The spine is curved, is an arc, which is facing left or right. There is also the asymmetry of the shoulders, shoulder blades and head tilted to one side.

When violations of the lateral curvature of the spine posture is corrected in the supine position and muscle tension, and there is no twisting of the vertebrae around a vertical axis, which is characteristic for scoliosis.

Disorders of posture in the sagittal plane

Such defects of posture associated with an increase or decrease in the physiological curves of the spine.

Round the back, or stoop, associated with increased thoracic kyphosis. The shoulders are raised, the inner edge of the blade behind the chest, and shoulder joints are presented.

Kruglovognutaya spin is characterized by an increase in all the physiological curves of the spine. At the same time raised his shoulders, his head thrust forward, belly hanging down, and even acts.

With a decrease in thoracic kyphosis is observed so-called. flat spin. Marked decrease in the angle of inclination of the pelvis, chest forward biased due to the reduction of kyphosis, the lower part of the stomach protrude.

Ploskovognutaya spin is observed with a decrease in thoracic kyphosis and cervical lordosis flattening. The pelvis is displaced posteriorly, and increased the angle of it. Weakened abdominal muscles and buttocks.

Treatment of postural

For any form of incorrect posture hindered the activity of internal organs develop early damage in the intervertebral discs. In this connection it is necessary to treat the defects of posture, which respond well to correction.

Methods of treating disorders of posture include therapeutic exercises, manual therapy, therapeutic massage, and wearing a posture corrector.

Therapeutic exercise (gymnastics)

LFC - it is an effective method of correcting the defects of posture aimed at strengthening the muscles of the abdomen, buttocks and spine. A set of exercises develops the doctor, who also sets the dosage of the load, which changes over time. To correct the imbalance of the muscles for stretching exercises include hyperactive muscles and strengthen the feeble. Static exercises are interspersed with dynamic. It creates an intense motor mode in each case, but with the exception of the load on the spine.

Correction of posture

Correction of posture include reklinators, thoracic and thoracolumbar zone offsets. Application reklinators effective for minor violations of posture and weak muscles of the shoulder belt and allow to dissolve and eliminate slouching shoulders, manifested in verhnegrudnom spine. The pectoral girdle (bandages) should be more pronounced in the stoop, as well as violations of posture on the type of scoliosis, which are manifested in the thoracic spine. Thoracolumbar proofreaders combine the effects on the area of ​​thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis - throughout the spinal column. The application is recommended for violations of any degree posture, scoliosis and kyphosis I-II degree. Selection of Posture Corrector performs orthopedic surgeon, taking into account the patient's age and severity of the pathological process.

The structure of the spine

The spine is made ​​up of people 33 - 34 vertebrae, which are connected by joints, ligaments and intervertebral discs. 6 - 9 fused vertebrae forming the sacrum and coccyx. There are five parts of the spine: cervical, consisting of seven vertebrae, rib - 12, lumbar - of 5, sacral - 5 and coccyx, consisting of 4 - 5 vertebrae.

Vertebra consists of a body facing anteriorly and connected with it arc vertebra. The body and vertebral arch vertebral restrict the opening.Vertebrates make holes all the vertebrae the spinal canal, which houses the spinal cord. From the spinal cord through the spinal nerves leave the hole. From the arch of each vertebra depart to 7 branches. In the pair of directed transverse processes. Each vertebra is connected to the upper and lower adjacent vertebrae by means of two lower and two upper articular processes. From the middle of the arc to the rear unpaired spinous process. In various parts of the spine spinous processes have their own characteristics. In the cervical region they are short, spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra is longer than the others and is easily detectable under the skin. In the thoracic spinous processes of the longest and are directed downwards, in the lumbar region they are wide and laid back. The dimensions of the vertebral bodies depend on the magnitude of the burden on them, they are the lowest in the cervical region and the largest in the lumbar. top two cervical vertebrae are used for articulation with the skull and have significant differences in the structure. On the body and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae are edge pits for articulation with the ribs. Sacrum consists of five sacral vertebrae, which in 20 years' fused into one bone that attaches to the spine of particular strength.

The vertebrae are interconnected by means of inter ¬ vertebrate cartilage, ligaments and joints. Vertebral bodies are connected by cartilaginousintervertebral discs . Each of them consists of an outer fibrous ring and the inner nucleus pulposus. The total height of these disks is a quarter of the entire length of the spine. Interestingly, during the day gelatinous nucleus loses fluid, cartilage and intervertebral flatten ¬ Xia. As a result, man is the evening of 2 cm shorter than in the morning, the same thing occurs with prolonged ¬ load on the spine.

Along the entire length of the spine vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs are connected with long anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament.Above the tops of the spinous processes along the entire length is spinous ligament. In addition, the arc, transverse and spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae are connected by short ligaments. 

Human spine has several natural curves. curve, convexity ago, called kyphosis, the curve, convexity forward - lordosis. The man has two kyphosis (thoracic and sacral), and two lordosis (cervical and lumbar). In addition, the spine is normal can have a lateral bending (scoliosis), which appears due to the varying length of the lower limbs and the development of different muscles on different sides of the body. This scoliosis should not be confused with scoliosis as a disease, it can be attributed to violations of posture. Curves of the spine provide mitigation of shocks and tremors of the body when running and walking. Despite the low mobility of the intervertebral joints, the spine on the whole quite mobile, especially the lumbar region.

In the spinal canal is the spinal cord . At the top it goes to the brain, and the bottom ends with special reference to the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra. Through the spinal cord central canal is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

The spinal cord consists of 31 - 33 segments, each of which has two pairs of nerve roots: anterior (motor), by which impulses from the cells of the spinal cord are transmitted to the periphery (to the skeletal muscles, the muscles of blood vessels, internal organs), and posterior (sensory) by which impulses from the receptors of the skin, muscles, internal organs are passed into the spinal cord. The anterior and posterior roots on each side of the spinal cord, connecting with each other to form 31 mixed pair of spinal nerves. The spinal cord is involved in most of the reflex reactions of the organism, the most complex spinal reflex reactions are controlled by the brain.

For a complete familiarity with the structure of the spine look muscular system, limiting brief analysis of the back muscles.

All human skeletal muscles are composed of so-called striated muscle tissue, the reduction of these muscles occurs randomly. The simplest form of the muscle is fusiform shape. The middle part is called the belly muscles, at both ends of the muscle goes into a tendon which is attached to the bones, reducing the muscle is shortened, and the attachment points closer to each other.

Muscles engaged in opposing the action, called antagonists, such as the forearm flexor and extensor (respectively, the biceps and triceps). To carry out any movement always requires teamwork antagonist muscle for complex movements require the work of an entire group of muscles.There are long, wide and short muscles. Long muscles are located mainly on the limbs, where a large amount of movement. Short muscles especially a lot of deep back muscles. Chi ¬ rokie muscles located in the area of ​​the body: chest, abdomen and back. 

Back muscles are divided into superficial and deep. To the superficial muscles include trapezius, latissimus, rhomboid major and minor, muscle lifting the shoulder blade, upper and lower posterior serratus. Trapezius muscle starts from the occipital bone and the spinous processes of all thoracic vertebrae, is attached to the keys ¬ Tse and shoulder blade. The upper part of the muscle raises the shoulder blade, lower - it lowers the average of the blade closer to the spine. Latissimus dorsi muscle comes from the spinous processes of lower six thoracic and all the vertebrae are ¬ ary, on the iliac crest and attaches to the humerus. The muscle pulls the shoulder and arm back while rotating it inward. Rhomboids pick up shovel, bring it closer to the midline. The upper posterior serratus raised edges, the bottom drops them, ensuring the participation in the act of inspiration.

The deep back muscles form a two tract - lateral and medial, ¬ nye located on either side near the spine along its entire length from the occiput to the sacrum. Lateral tract ¬ General will make more than superficial long muscles that make up muscle, spinal straightening ¬ nick. The muscles of the medial tract (cross-awned) lie deeper than others, they represent a group of short muscle bundles, and burn through the vertebrae. In the back of the neck over the two paths is re ¬ mennaya muscle head and neck.

In addition to these muscles, forming the back part of the abdominal wall square loin muscle, which relates to the anatomy of the abdominal muscles.

Scoliosis affects other elements of the musculoskeletal system, which remained outside of this description: the clavicle and scapula, chest and ribs, pelvic area.

Contacts and appointments

Announcement 
From July 1 until the end of September 2012 reception held in the village. Loo (near Sochi).
Directions: by train to the station. Loo (or the first plane to Adler), and then a taxi or shuttle bus to the boarding house "Radiant" (4 km from the station. Loo). Accommodation in the private sector next to the boarding house "Radiant", for details about renting can directly upon arrival to contact me by phone.
Contact: feedback form on this page, e-mail. E-mail, phone +7-921-791-73-42.

Make an appointment 
to record a consultation and treatment, call tel. 7 921 791 73 42 
If you have any questions, send us a message using the form at the end of this page. 
with me can also be contacted by email. email: info@spinalis
patients with scoliosis and kyphosis, who want to get a prediction about the possible treatments, please apply to the letter X-rays or photos. 
Reception held at the Center for Health, the underground "Petrograd", St. Petersburg. 
During the summer period (from May to September, with a few interruptions), I spend my treatment in the village of Loo, near Sochi on the Black Sea coast of Caucasus. The sea air and the conditions of stay at rest contribute to more effective treatment. Combination therapy with relaxation is especially convenient for parents with children. 
twice a year during the month I am taking in Moscow . This is usually in the winter-spring period. Payment treatment My prices are very moderate and are designed for people with average incomes. For some categories of citizens are discounts. Moreover, I do not take money in advance, payment for treatment is made ​​only after the results . I am sure that this offer you will not find anywhere else. However, I assume that my goal is to cure the patient, and this can be achieved only if the physician and patient trust each other and work together. work orderduring the first session I need to get acquainted with the patient and see how my method would be effective for this particular person. The success of treatment depends on the type and severity of the disease and the degree of susceptibility and mobility of the patient's mind. If the prognosis is positive, we make our work plan and carry out several test sessions. Only if the patient sees improvement in his condition and agrees to continue the course, he pays the price for the above sessions are held. For patients with scoliosis, for example, there are good objective assessment of their condition: the patient does topogram prior to the course and after a series of sessions on these results we make a decision about the effectiveness of treatment and, therefore, payment. Some restrictions Unfortunately, I do not agree to treatment patients with mental disorders, in acute stress, or other border states, cerebral palsy, chronic alcoholics and drug addicts. It is important that the patient is able to assess their condition and feel changes in your body and words to describe my feelings, because Feedback is essential for treatment. terms of treatment of scoliosis basic treatment consists of 25-30 sessions and lasts for a month. To consolidate the results of course it is desirable to repeat in a year. 

Terms of the individual and for each patient their own, although there are some patterns. Timing increase with increased body mass, with multiple concomitant diseases. Timing is reduced when the patient is involved in sports and has a good muscle tone. Women are amenable to more easily than men. No age limit, but you need to understand that the younger the patient, the better, if we talk about diseases of the spine, then my method gives results for patients under 45 years.

Trophic ulcers, rehabilitation after injuries and operations

My method gives good results in treating a wide range of diseases and conditions. Here are just some of them:

• sores
• trauma, burns, rehabilitation after abdominal operations
• anesthesia, including withdrawal headache
• recovery of arm movement after removal of the breast

Contacts and appointments

Treatment of Scoliosis

My treatment of kyphosis and scoliosis amenable to up to third degree, even with significant chest deformation and the presence of torsion spine. If we speak in common language, it is usually quite rapid and dramatic change of tone of superficial and deep muscles of the back, which also returns the spine, ribs and shoulder blades in a natural, normal position. The patient feels that he "pulled" back. These feelings are very strong, the strength and quality of response allows me to adjust the amount of exposure. After 2-3 sessions can be seen as pathologically altered muscles gradually returned to normal. On the side where the abnormal muscle tone was elevated, leaving what is colloquially called "muscular ridges," and in those places where the tone was reduced, and the muscles as if it were not, they begin to appear. With the decrease of the angle of scoliosis and rotation of the vertebrae is reduced. Changes occur gradually, usually in this order: first the blade, and thoracic spine, then lower back, and then the pelvic region. Of course, all these changes are possible when there is congenital wedge vertebra and severe dysplastic disorders.

See photos of some of my patients. All photos can be increased by clicking on them.

3 degrees of scoliosis before and after treatment (age 15 years, 40 sessions over 60 days)
Reducing the angle of scoliosis seen in these two pictures, even with the naked eye. Topographical studies show changes in the angle of curvature of the spine from 40 to 20 degrees. And it is only 2 months of classes! Experts from the St. Petersburg Institute of im.Albrehta who treat scoliosis by supporting corsets, believe that wearing a corset achieves this result only after 4 years.

2 degrees of scoliosis before and after treatment (age 26 years, 12 sessions over 15 days)
In the case of the classical S-shaped scoliosis was achieved in an even shorter period of time: the angle of scoliosis was reduced from 28 degrees to 13 degrees for 2 weeks.

2 degrees of scoliosis before and after treatment (age 44 years, 25 sessions for 45 days)
Given the age of the patient (44 years), traditional medicine is unlikely to offer in this case an intelligible decision, since no corsets, no other classical treatment can no longer change the shape of the spine. However, visible in the photographs is a clear positive trend. Thus, my method gives unprecedented performance results in the treatment of scoliosis is not only children but also adults.

Scoliosis grade 4 at baseline, one month and one year later
This patient (age 28 years, 4 degree of scoliosis) took 2 courses of therapy. The first picture was taken before the session, the second - a month after the first course, the third - a year after the second course sessions. During the year the growth of the patient increased by 3.5 cm

To consolidate the results, I recommend that my patients range of therapeutic exercises, including dynamic and static exercise, partly borrowed from yoga and eastern practices. Generally speaking, the developed musculature is of great help in treatment, because hold the spine in the correct position and correction of its form by the muscles.

Especially effective assistance I can provide patients with high angles of curvature of the spine. In such cases, traditional medicine offers surgery. My method eliminates not only the operation but does not require a hospital stay. The treatment is usually 15 - 30 sessions, depending on the angle of scoliosis, the patient's age, degree of development of the musculoskeletal system and other factors. For patients at high angles of scoliosis course must be repeated two or three times during the year.

Topographs patients with scoliosis of grade 3
  Comment. Topographs recorded on the changes of the 20 sessions held during the 3 weeks. A patient with scoliosis of grade 3, the angle of scoliosis on top of the arc prior to treatment - 40 degrees, the angle of scoliosis after treatment - 23 degrees. explanation of topographs , please visit the company METOS - Developer KOMOT method (computer optical topography) and the manufacturer for examination of patients with scoliosis.

The results of thermal studies
  But they see the physical devices during my sessions. This series of measurements of the surface body temperature of patients with thermal imaging, measurement interval 15 seconds. Blue color shows areas with a low temperature, red - high. Changes in body temperature associated with the redistribution of blood flow during a treatment session.

material presented here and the analysis of the medical services market allow us to conclude that my method of treating scoliosis not only provides high and stable positive results, but the best so far of all the solutions, which offers both formal and traditional medicine.